If there is still bleeding on probing (BOP) after cleaning, what could it indicate?

Bleeding on probing (BOP) after a cleaning procedure serves as a significant clinical indicator in periodontal health assessment. If there is still BOP present, it often suggests that there might be retained subgingival plaque that has not been effectively removed during the cleaning. This retained plaque can continue to irritate the gum tissue, preventing proper healing and maintaining an inflammatory response, which can manifest as bleeding upon probing.

Effective periodontal therapy aims to disrupt the biofilm and remove plaque both supra- and subgingivally; thus, persistent BOP signals a need for further intervention or more thorough cleaning to address the underlying issue of plaque accumulation. This symptom does not indicate proper healing, resolution of infection, or healthy gum tissue, which are outcomes associated with the absence of BOP. Monitoring BOP can guide dental professionals in managing periodontal disease and ensuring that patients receive appropriate care to promote oral health.