In which condition would you commonly find sulfur granules?

The presence of sulfur granules is typically associated with actinomycosis, an infection caused by anaerobic bacteria from the Actinomyces genus. These granules form as a result of the bacterial colonies that create characteristic pus in tissue, leading to the formation of yellowish or yellow-tan grains that can be discharged from draining sinuses. Unlike other conditions mentioned, actinomycosis is specifically known for these sulfur granules, which serve as a diagnostic feature.

In necrotizing periodontitis, radicular cysts, and herpes simplex virus infections, sulfur granules are not a standard finding. Necrotizing periodontitis is characterized by ulceration and necrosis, but not through granules of this nature. Radicular cysts are fluid-filled cavities that arise from the pulp of a tooth and also do not display sulfur granules. Herpes simplex virus infections manifest with vesicles and lesions rather than granules. Thus, the presence of sulfur granules is a distinctive hallmark of actinomycosis, confirming its diagnosis.