What condition may result from prolonged use of antibiotics in an HIV-positive patient?

Prolonged use of antibiotics in an HIV-positive patient commonly leads to candidiasis, which is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida species. This occurs because antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms in the body, particularly in the mucosal surfaces of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In patients with HIV, the immune system is already compromised, making them more susceptible to opportunistic infections like candidiasis. Given the decreased ability to fight off infections, when the normal flora is altered by antibiotics, the growth of harmful organisms such as Candida is favored.

Candidiasis typically presents in the mouth as white patches, soreness, and difficulty swallowing, signifying a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Recognizing the risk of candidiasis is crucial for healthcare providers managing HIV-positive patients, especially those undergoing prolonged antibiotic therapy, to prevent and address this common complication effectively.