What does the term "dens invaginatus" refer to?

The term "dens invaginatus" describes a specific dental anomaly where there is an inward folding of the enamel and dentin layers that creates a small, tooth-like structure within a tooth. This condition may resemble a "tooth within a tooth" due to the way the invagination creates a distinct anatomical feature resembling a smaller tooth structure housed within the main tooth.

This anomaly is often seen in the anterior teeth, particularly the maxillary incisors. Its clinical significance lies in its potential to lead to complications such as pulp necrosis or infection due to the often complex internal anatomy and difficulty in cleaning the deep invaginated area. Understanding this condition is crucial in dental practice, as it requires careful management during restorative or endodontic treatment.

The other concepts mentioned, such as cavities, extra cusps, or tooth impaction, do not accurately describe the nature of dens invaginatus and address different dental issues or anatomical variations.