What eye condition is associated with hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism can lead to a condition known as exophthalmos, which is characterized by the protrusion or bulging of the eyes. This occurs primarily due to the inflammation and swelling of the eye muscles and the tissues behind the eyes, a common feature of Graves' disease, the most prevalent cause of hyperthyroidism. The autoimmune response in Graves' disease causes an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the retro-orbital space, leading to an increase in volume and pressure behind the eyeball, resulting in outward displacement.

Other eye conditions listed, while they can affect individuals, do not specifically correlate with hyperthyroidism in the way that exophthalmos does. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva and can be caused by various factors, including infections and allergies. Glaucoma is related to increased intraocular pressure and is not directly associated with hyperthyroidism. Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye and are typically age-related or due to other systemic conditions, rather than being linked to thyroid dysfunction.