What is identified when there are retained primary roots visible next to the roots of secondary teeth on an X-ray?

The presence of retained primary roots next to the roots of secondary teeth on an X-ray clearly indicates that the primary teeth have not been lost as expected and are still present in the dental arch. This situation arises when the primary roots have not resorbed properly, often leading to them being retained long after the eruption of the permanent teeth.

When assessing dental radiographs, identifying retained primary roots is critical as it can impact the positioning of the permanent teeth, potentially causing malocclusion or obstructing the eruption of adjacent teeth. Retained primary teeth might also contribute to maintaining the space needed for the permanent teeth if they are correctly positioned, but improper retention may lead to complications. Hence, identifying this condition helps in planning appropriate dental treatment.

Other choices such as an abscessed tooth, supernumerary tooth, or unresolved periapical pathology do not align with the observation of retained primary roots on X-rays, as these conditions have different radiographic presentations and clinical implications.