What is median rhomboid glossitis a result of?

Median rhomboid glossitis is primarily associated with a chronic infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This condition typically presents as a smooth, red, rhomboid-shaped area located in the midline of the dorsal aspect of the tongue. It occurs when there is an overgrowth of Candida, which can thrive in certain conditions, such as a weakened immune system or the presence of other factors that disrupt the normal oral microbiome.

The presence of this condition may point toward a more significant underlying issue, such as immunosuppression or a candidal overgrowth due to factors like diabetes, antibiotic use, or xerostomia (dry mouth). The histological examination of the affected area typically reveals fungal hyphae and yeast forms, confirming the candidal infection.

While allergic reactions, vitamin deficiencies, and bacterial infections can cause various oral lesions, they do not specifically lead to median rhomboid glossitis, making the chronic candida albicans infection the primary cause for this condition.