What is the first-line treatment for tuberculosis?

The first-line treatment for tuberculosis is a combination of Rifampin and Isoniazid. This regimen is well-established and recognized globally as the standard treatment for active tuberculosis. Rifampin is a potent bactericidal agent that works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis, while Isoniazid also acts by disrupting the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the bacterial cell wall in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The use of these two medications in combination not only enhances the effectiveness of treatment but also helps prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria. Treatment typically lasts for at least six months, and adherence to this regimen is crucial for effectively curing the infection and reducing the risk of transmission.

Other medication options mentioned in the choices do not align with the standard protocols for treating tuberculosis; they may be used for different infections or conditions but lack the necessary efficacy against the tuberculosis pathogen.