What is the likely diagnosis for painful swelling adjacent to an extraction site?

The diagnosis of dry socket, also known as alveolar osteitis, is characterized by painful swelling adjacent to an extraction site, particularly within a few days post-extraction. This condition arises when the blood clot that forms in the socket either dissolves prematurely or fails to develop properly, exposing the underlying bone and nerves. This exposure typically leads to increased pain, which can radiate to surrounding areas, and swelling may occur as a secondary response to the inflammation from the area being unprotected.

In the context of post-operative complications, dry socket can be identified by its specific symptoms, such as severe pain, bad breath (halitosis), and the absence or disintegration of the blood clot in the socket. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for dental professionals, as they can differentiate dry socket from other conditions, such as infection or hemorrhage, which would generally present with different signs and symptoms.

While residual cysts, hemorrhages, and infections post-extraction can all potentially lead to swelling or pain, their associated features differ significantly from those of dry socket. Therefore, when faced with painful swelling adjacent to an extraction site, dry socket stands out as the likely diagnosis due to its clinical presentation and the contextual details surrounding recent tooth extraction.