What is the primary role of a dental sealant?

The primary role of a dental sealant is to prevent caries. Sealants are thin coatings, typically made from a plastic material, that are applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth (molars and premolars) where decay often starts. These surfaces have pits and grooves that can trap food particles and bacteria, making them more susceptible to cavities. By sealing these vulnerable areas, sealants create a smooth surface that is easier to clean and significantly reduces the risk of tooth decay, particularly in children and adolescents who may not have fully developed oral hygiene habits.

While dental sealants can also contribute to enhanced tooth aesthetics by adding a clear or tooth-colored coating, and they may provide some degree of protection that acts as a barrier to bacteria, the primary purpose is centered on their ability to prevent caries. This proactive approach is considered an essential part of preventive dentistry, as it helps maintain the integrity of the tooth structure and overall oral health.