What is the primary treatment for a pleomorphic adenoma?

The primary treatment for a pleomorphic adenoma is surgical removal. Pleomorphic adenomas, which are often referred to as benign mixed tumors, typically arise in salivary glands, particularly the parotid gland. The goal of treatment is to completely excise the tumor to prevent recurrence, as these tumors can grow and potentially compress surrounding tissues.

Surgical excision is considered the most effective method because it not only removes the tumor but also minimizes the risk of it regrowing. In cases where incomplete removal occurs, the likelihood of recurrence increases. Furthermore, while radiation therapy and chemotherapy may serve as treatment options in specific contexts or for malignant tumors, they are not standard treatments for benign tumors like pleomorphic adenomas. Observation is typically reserved for small, asymptomatic tumors or in patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery, but it doesn't address the underlying issue of the tumor itself. Thus, surgical removal remains the definitive approach for managing pleomorphic adenomas.