What is the typical concentration of sodium hypochlorite used in endodontic procedures?

The typical concentration of sodium hypochlorite used in endodontic procedures is around 0.5% to 5%, with 3% being one of the most common concentrations used in practice. Sodium hypochlorite acts as a potent antimicrobial agent and a tissue dissolving agent in the root canal system, essential for effective cleaning and disinfection during root canal treatment.

A concentration of 3% provides a strong enough solution to effectively eliminate bacteria and help dissolve organic material without overly damaging the periapical tissues or the dentin when handled properly. While lower concentrations, such as 1% and 2.5%, also have antimicrobial properties, they may not be as effective in dissolving tissue or achieving optimal disinfection. Higher concentrations, like 5%, can be effective but also carry an increased risk of causing irritation or damage to the periapical tissues if accidentally extruded from the canal. Thus, the 3% concentration strikes a balance between efficacy and safety, making it a standard choice in endodontics.