What serious risk is associated with pernicious anemia?

Pernicious anemia is primarily characterized by an inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption. The serious risk associated with this condition is the potential for permanent damage to the nerves. Vitamin B12 is crucial for maintaining the health of nerve cells; it plays a vital role in the formation of the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers and ensures proper neuronal function.

When the vitamin B12 levels drop, it can lead to neurological complications, such as peripheral neuropathy, which can manifest as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the limbs. If left untreated, the nerve damage can become irreversible, leading to ongoing neurological impairments. Thus, understanding the significance of vitamin B12 and its impact on nerve health clarifies why permanent nerve damage is a critical risk associated with pernicious anemia.