Which of the following is a common sign of gingival inflammation?

Redness and swelling of the gingiva is a fundamental sign of gingival inflammation. This occurs due to the body's immune response to the presence of plaque and bacteria around the gum tissue. When inflammation is present, the blood vessels in the gingiva become more engorged with blood, leading to a characteristic change in color from the normal pale pink to a more red hue. Swelling occurs as the tissue becomes edematous from increased fluid accumulation. This combination of redness and swelling is an indicator of inflammation, which is a key feature in conditions such as gingivitis.

While tooth sensitivity, pocket formation, and calculus buildup can be associated with periodontal disease and inflammation, they are not as direct or immediate indicators of gingival inflammation itself. Tooth sensitivity often indicates enamel wear or decay rather than direct inflammation. Pocket formation is more indicative of underlying periodontal disease rather than just gingival inflammation. Calculus buildup is related to plaque accumulation and contributes to inflammation but is not a direct sign of it.